Political Science classified Constitutions as unitary and federal, from the organisational standpoint, i.e., from the standpoint of distribution of governmental powers, vertically, in a system of ‘dual government’. The object of this book, as a part of a Series on Comparative Constitutional Law, is to deal with that distribution of powers from the legal standpoint, that is, the justiciable issues which may be settled by the Courts through legal disputes. The norms of an ideal federal distribution, again, appertain to Political Science and Philosophy but are outside the province of this work. It is primarily concerned with the judicial interpretation of the provisions of a federal Constitution, on a comparative level.

Of course, so far as the treatment of Indian Constitutional law is concerned, there are several other works of this Author on the subject. But the special feature of the present one is that it gets at the root of decisions, irrespective of their authority, and gives the reader an opportunity of assessing the weight of those decisions in the light of the juristic opinion of the world on the issue involved. In view of the encyclopaedic nature of this book it would not be possible to reproduce the relevant texts of the Constitutions dealt with herein. So far as foreign Constitutions are concerned, it would be advisable for the reader to keep on his table a copy of the Author’s “Select Constitutions of the World” so that the reader’s information might be precise and correct.

The average lawyer in India, of course, is hardly interested in anything above digests such as the Author’s Shorter Constitution of India, which integrates all decisions up-to-date but the top-ranking lawyer knows that he can meet unforeseen problems only with the indubitable principles which stand over unfurrowed fields. To discover such principles and those of them as are relevant for his purposes for the time being, the present work of research would be indispensable. With all available resources at our end, expertise acquired and experience earned in the field, we have tried our level best to match more than the expectations of our distinguished readers and research scholars who are always in the quest of the latest.