Quasi-legal terms relating to other branches like Science, Art and Commerce In order to adapt the work to the advantage and convenience of a wide-ranging class of users, many terms of public law are defined herein as also those which are commonly used in the sphere of trade, banking and commerce. The main phrases of international, maritime, military and mercantile law and of forensic medicine, is also included herein. Statutory Legislative Definitions In searching for definitions for incorporating in this work, the editors have examined with care and concern all the Indian Codes. The definitions enacted by law are, for the most part, terse, practical, and of course, authoritative. References to most of such statutory interpretations of words and phrases will be found under their appropriate titles. Obsolete words not omitted There may be a difference of opinion as to the propriety of including in a modern dictionary terms and phrases no longer in current use. The editors think that a dictionary which does not include such terms fulfills but a small part of its essential purpose. The law of today, which has its roots in the past, is inextricably interwoven with the ancient law and usage based on primeval customs. No question of law can be fully investigated without a close awareness of a multitude of legal terms and phrases which may now be regarded as obsolete. It is unrealistic to assert that the modern tendency towards codification has progressed so far and that, the older laws have been discarded so extensively, that it is no longer necessary to advert to what is not in current usage. The definitions and explanations of the not-very-current expressions enable one to trace the doctrine of law to its sources and to make a fuller study of the question on hand. However, the editors have attempted to strike a fair balance. While a mere general definition has been thought sufficient in regard to ancient and obsolete terms, in respect of those legal terms which describe recognized and important topics of law and which are of contemporary absorbing interest to the profession, a more detailed treatment has been accorded. Judicial Definitions/ Latin Terms Yet another feature of this Lexicon will be found in the illustrative and explanatory quotations from the more outstanding judgments of Indian, English and American Courts. As a matter of fact, a significant portion of this work consists of extracts from the decisions of eminent judges. Those decisions uncover a veritable mine of useful information. Many excellent specimens of judicial definitions, like ounces of gold, lie buried under dull material, like a ton of garbage. We have ventured to dig into the garbage to discover the gold. One of the aims of the editors has been to highlight this branch of legal literature and exhibit under proper heading and titles, in a compendious and accessible form, those sayings embodied in judicial decisions which cannot be traced without considerable research.

Adjudged Words and Phrases What are generally termed “adjudged words and phrases”, that is, a judicial interpretation of words having no distinctive legal bearing but interpreted solely in the light of their context or use in a particular context, have also been inserted in their appropriate places. Words defined in standard legal text books Definitions found in well known works of law, such as the works of Justice Story, Blackstone, Jarman, Williams and Russel, have also been adopted under appropriate titles. Synonyms discriminated Not only has each word been defined as to its exact meaning but, wherever necessary, the more important synonyms occurring in legal phraseology have been distinguished from allied words and expressions. In several cases, distinctions, both subtle and obscure, have been noticed. Encyclopaedic Judicial Dictionary Over 120,000 Entries & 750,000 References Key Coverage n Accounting Terms n Advertising and Media Terms n Arabic Terms n Arbitration Law Terms n Auditing Terms n Banking Laws Terms n Business Laws Terms n Business Terms n Capital Market Terminology n Carriage by Sea and Air n Civil Laws n Commerce Terms n Computer Law n Constitutional Interpretation n Criminal Laws n Customs and Excise Laws n Cyber Laws n Direct Taxes n Environmental Law n Excise and Custom Laws n Foreign Exchange Terms n Financial Terms n Forensic Medicines n Hindu Law Terms n Historical Legal Terms n Human Rights Terminology n Income Tax Laws Terms n Information Technology Law n Insurance Laws n Intellectual Property Laws n International Accounting Terms n International Law n Internet Terminology n Interpretation Law n Investment Terms n Labour Laws Terms n Lease Financing and Hire Purchase Terms n Maritine & Military Laws n Medico Legal Terms n Merchantile Laws n Military Terms n Muslim Law Terms n Parliamentary & Constitutional Affairs n Personal Law Terms n Public Laws n Press and Media Laws n Provincial Terms n Sales Tax Laws n Scientific Terms-Quasi Legal Terms n Sectarian Usages n Service Law Terms n Shipping Law Terms n Stock Market Terms n Statutory Definitions n Taxation Laws (Direct and Indirect) n Telecommunication Laws n Trade Finance n Vernacular Terms n Words of Local Customs n World Trade Organisation Terminology

Legal Maxims / Latin Terms Another special feature of this work is the inclusion of legal maxims used in our system of law which must be brought home to the judge and the lawyer alike, as also to the student of legal history or comparative jurisprudence. In ancient times, the great majority of questions respecting rights and remedies of private individuals were determined by a reference to Maxims of Law, most of which are manifestly founded on reason, public convenience and social necessity. The principles embodied in these maxims have found a place in modem codes of all civilised nations. A knowledge of the first principles contained in these maxims will be helpful in the application of modern rules of law to specific cases. The collection and explanations of maxims in this publication is, indeed, so exhaustive that we hope we are not making a tall claim that this work contains one of the largest collections of maxims at one place. These maxims are not grouped in one body under the title “Maxims” but are placed all through the book in an alphabetical order. The editors have ensured that this Lexicon fulfills the true functions of a legal dictionary. It is intended to supply a key to the great works in Indian jurisprudence, and to serve as an aid to the use of those words themselves, defining and explaining the various meanings, which are or have been attached to them in our legal literature.